Political+Islam

** missing: discussion of Arabs before Islam; early Islam (Muhammad and caliphs); Umayyad dynasty ** Umbrella government (taxes on Dhimmis) - BUREAUCRACY/Strong gov't Wazir = chief administrators/head of caliphs inner councils The Abbasids were Sunnis ||
 * Abbasid Dynasty **
 * ** Politics ** || New Capital: Baghdad

** Problems: ** **Internal** No clear succession --> private armies --> more violence $$ Excessive luxury --> financial problems Excessive taxes on peasants --> revolts, abandon land --> food shortages Caliphs: Harun al-Rashid, al-Mahdi **External** Invading nomads: Buyid Persians, Seljuk Turks - C. Asia, Abbasid caliphs become "puppet rulers" Crusaders: West Europe Christians, Temporary kingdoms
 * Later Abbasid Dynasty **


 * The Abbasid Dynasty had no clear succession of who would rule next.
 * They had excessive tax from buying luxury items.
 * This led to financial problems and a revolt by the pheasants.
 * This led to food shortages and hunger in Islam.