Transition+to+Islamic+Empire

ABBASSID EMPIRE By Nesra and Chinaza

- Rejected old allies -Became less tolerant of Shi'ism
 * **Supported Sunni Islam**

- Growing acceptance of non-arab muslims -Mass conversions to islams were encouraged - Converts won over peacefully through islamic appeal -Greater education and career opportunities were available in the islamic world
 * **Islamic Growth in Religious Acceptance**

- Revival of Afro-Eurosion trading network -Arab" dhows" were used to carry goods to be exchanged -Muslim merchants formed ties with the christian and jewish merchants -Wealth earned through trade was donated to charity( required by Qur'an) -Much of the money went to the building of mosque, religious schools, baths and rest houses for weary travelers.
 * **Commercial Expansion**


 * **Caliphs**
 * -Al Mahdi was the 3rd caliph of the abbasids
 * Tried to unite the Shi'a to the Abbasid empire
 * Very into luxury

-Harun Al-Rashid
 * Succesor of his father Al Mahdi
 * Was also a luxury seeker
 * Death caused civil war on who would be the next Caliph
 * Had a series of horrible caliphs ** Gave power to leaders of slave mercenaries the power of the Abbassid throne

-Harem and veil were important symbols of women being subordinate to men -Women were seculuded -Slaves and concubines did domestic services in homes of the wealthy and were smarter then wives -Rich women=no career -Married at the age of 9 -Raised sons to be rulers
 * **Position of women in family and the society**

-Caliphs and advisors were powerless in preventing further loss of territory due to struggle in capital and central provinces -Buyids of Persia captured Baghdad(caliphs and court were now controlled by the Buyids) - Seljuk turks from central Asia took over -Crusades(8 of them) were Christians from Europe who wanted to take back their "Holy Land" - Muslims reconquered Baghdad in 12th century being led by Saladin -Mongols took over Baghdad with Hulegu as the Khan who was the grandson of Chinngis Khan -Baghdad was then taken over by the Tamerlane after the Mongols were defeated by the Mamulcks . -mosques and palaces grew larger and more ornate -Arabic was the primary language in the abbassid court - They wrote historical epics from doomed love affairs to striving for unity with divine - The arabics out-stripped others in scientific discoveries - Known for making world's best maps ** - Al Ghazali tried to fuse Greek and Quaranic traditions - Centered around Sufist movement -Sufis were wandering a mystics looking for union with allah
 * **Invasions**
 * Sunnis took down Shi'a
 * Ruled for centuries
 * **Arts and Education**
 * - Increase in doctors, scholars,legal and religious experts
 * Algebraic and geometric theories **
 * Al Razis scheme classifying substances which has to do with chemistry
 * - Their Tables and maps of astronomy were in high demand
 * Religion